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La preservazione della fertilità nella paziente oncologica


ABSTRACT
{ITA} La preservazione della fertilità prima di un trattamento oncologico è cruciale per l’effetto gonadotossico di molte terapie. Il problema che spesso si pone è, però, la necessità di non poter posticipare le cure. La tecnica maggiormente utilizzata è il congelamento di ovociti. Normalmente la stimolazione ovarica inizia all’inizio della fase follicolare e questo fa sì che, a seconda della fase del ciclo mestruale in cui la donna si presenta, possano passare fino a 6 settimane prima di aver concluso la stimolazione. Recenti acquisizioni sulla fisiologia delle ondate follicolari hanno portato alla formulazione di nuovi protocolli di stimolazione ovarica che permettono di ridurre i tempi prima delle cure oncologiche.

{ENG} Fertility preservation before cancer treatment is crucial due to the cytotoxic effect of cancer therapy. However the physician must balance the need of fertility preservation with the risk of delaying cancer therapy. Controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation is the most preferred method for fertility preservation. Conventionally, ovarian stimulation is initiated at the beginning of follicular phase; this methodology may require 2-6 weeks depending on the women’s menstrual cycle phase at time of preservation. Recent knowledge on follicular waves lead to new protocols to facilitate the start of ovarian stimulation.


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